To take shots like this, ideally you need a DSLR camera plus a “proper” macro lens (one that give 1:1 reproduction - not a “zoom macro”). It's also handy if you have a full set of extension tubes (65mm), so as to achieve maximum magnification.
I have taken similar photos using a “bridge camera” but only by attaching a lens in the reverse position in front of the fixed lens. I used a Minolta 50mm f1.7 attached to a Minolta D7. Anyone with a Bridge camera can take similar type photos, suitable lenses are available on Ebay for just a few pounds.
You'll need a way of attaching it to your bridge camera - if it has a front thread then just buy the appropriate reversing ring. If it doesn't then you might find you can get decent results by holding th lens in front of your camera - you'll need a steady hand though!
Extra illumination will also be a benefit, as ideally you want as the highest f stop possible, so as to achieve maximum DOF.
For the above photo I used f/32, as I believe that for this type of photo extended DOF is far more important than the possible drop off in sharpness.
Off camera flash is ideal but you need to be aware that the reflection from the flash in the water droplet can very easily spoil the effect, therefore it's better to bounce the flash. A piece of white card is ideal.
I use the Canon twin light macro flash, but you will notice from the following image that both flash heads are angled away from the subject.
The use of the tripod is to show you the set-up, normally I handhold the camera as I find it easier to obtain focus by rocking gently back and forth, it's also easier to get the correct angle for the refracted image.
You will by now have realised the “cheating” that takes place when shooting this type of photo. It's very rare that you will find that nature has placed everything as you would want. You could use a dropped or a straw to place a droplet of water exactly where you need it. You will also have noticed the assistance of the “third hand”.
This was necessary due to the windy conditions when I took this photo. You can buy a Wimberley Plamp which is specially designed for this or save yourself some money and make your own from a crocodile clip and a bit of coathanger wire.
Here's what I got:
1/25 sec @f/22 ISO 100
Equipment used: Canon 300D, Canon 100mm macro lens and Canon Twin-light Macro flash
